1 分钟读懂光伏行业各板块

硅料行业毫不意外，是 2021年最赚钱的行业，销售收入高、毛利高、竞争企业少（5家），这吸引了很多新的竞争者进入这个行业，比如合盛硅业、上机数控，所以硅料未来的竞争态势会更加激烈。

硅片行业是 历史上的盈利冠军，2021年屈居盈利亚军。行业内有9家上市公司，每家公司的平均毛利润是20亿元。虽然隆基股份的技术垄断被打破了，这个细分行业依然盈利很丰厚。

组件环节销售收入2400多亿元，销售收入最高，可惜毛利率只有10%+，而且 竞争家数是最多的，组件行业因为直面客户，销售费用率很高，这导致了 组件股最终拿到手的净利润率并不高。

EVA胶膜真实的盈利能力反而是超过组件的，因为这个行业收入虽然不高，只有160亿元，但是仅有3个上市公司能够生产， 福斯特占了胶膜行业收入的71%，所以竞争态势属于凭实力垄断。

储能、玻璃、逆变、光伏设备，这4个细分行业我们一起讲，因为它们的竞争态势差不多，毛利率30%左右，行业空间200亿元左右，每个细分行业的竞争对手8到10家，每家毛利8到10亿元左右，属于良性竞争状态。

电池片行业有点特殊，销售收入很可观，有500多亿元，可惜加工环节的设备都是外购， 电池片上市公司本身的技术实力并不高，所以只能拿到很低的毛利率。

金钢线虽然行业很小，但是因为美畅占有50%的细分市场空间，所以盈利很高，美畅的市值有300多亿元，因为是消耗品，美畅甚至比一些光伏设备股的估值要高。

t is no surprise that silicon material industry will be the most profitable industry in 2021, with high sales revenue, high gross profit and few competitive enterprises (5), which has attracted many new competitors to enter this industry, such as Hesheng Silicon industry and CNC, so the competition situation of silicon material will be more fierce in the future.  

The silicon chip industry is historically the most profitable, coming in second in 2021.  There are nine listed companies in the industry, each with an average gross profit of 2 billion yuan.  Although Longie's technology monopoly has been broken up, the sector remains highly profitable.  

However, the gross profit rate is only 10%+ and the number of competitors is the largest. Because the component industry faces customers directly, the sales expense ratio is very high, which leads to the net profit rate of component stocks is not high.  

The real profitability of EVA film is higher than that of components, because although the income of this industry is not high, only 16 billion yuan, but only three listed companies can produce, Foster accounts for 71% of the income of the film industry, so the competition situation is monopolized by strength.  

Energy storage, glass, inverter, photovoltaic equipment, these four segments, we talk together, because their competition situation is similar, the gross profit rate is about 30%, the industry space is about 20 billion yuan, each segment of the competitors 8 to 10, gross profit of each 800 to 1 billion yuan, belongs to the benign competition state.  

The battery industry is a little special, with a considerable sales revenue of more than 50 billion yuan. Unfortunately, the equipment in the processing link is purchased from outside, and the listed battery company itself does not have high technical strength, so it can only get a very low gross margin.  

Although jingang wire industry is very small, because Meichang occupies 50% of the market segment space, so the profit is very high, the market value of Meichang is more than 30 billion yuan, because it is consumable, meichang is even higher than the valuation of some photovoltaic equipment stocks.