安装太阳能光伏设备需要什么条件？屋顶分布式光伏系统安不安全？会不会有违建风险？安装一套太阳能光伏发电设备需要投入多少？初始投资那么贵，三五万元都可以用十多年电费了，会不会亏本呢？下面随小编一起学习一下吧。

一、太阳能光伏设备由哪些部件组成？
    整套设备由太阳能电池组件、支架系统、逆变器、电气配电系统等组成，1到3天可以完成设备的安装、调试，无需对家庭原有线路做任何的改动，即可正常使用25年左右。
二、安装太阳能光伏设备需要什么条件？
    只要您家具备一定面积无遮挡的平面、斜坡或外墙面条件，均可以申请安装，不破坏屋顶和防水。
三、屋顶分布式光伏系统安不安全？会不会有违建风险？
    目前分布式光伏发电系统已经发展好几年了，已经有了非常成熟的市场经验。设计及技术上也是非常安全合理的，不用改造房屋，可以根据不同的建筑物环境来设计安装方案。不仅是自建房常见的混凝土屋顶，别墅的琉璃瓦斜屋顶，还是工厂屋顶的彩钢瓦屋顶，都是可以利用建设分布式光伏的。对于建筑物上发展分布式光伏，国家是大力支持的，出台了各类的支持文件，没有违建风险。电网公司在并网验收方面也是鼓励支持，分布式光伏只要建好了就可以和电网公司公司申请并网，没有指标限制。
四、安装一套太阳能光伏发电设备需要投入多少？
    根据安装功率，基本型目前每千瓦安装费用为一万元左右，一般别墅家用太阳能光伏发电设备功率在5至8千瓦范围，全部投入在6到10万元。一般农村家用太阳能光伏发电设备功率在3至5千瓦范围，全部投入在3到5万元。(实际价格根据工程实际情况有所调整)。
五、初始投资那么贵，三五万元都可以用十多年电费了，会亏本吗？
    光伏发电的收益不仅仅是节省电费收益这一项，还有国家补贴，部分还有地方补贴。根据自发自用余电上网的模式，光伏发电总收益=节省电费开支+多余卖电收益+国家补贴+地方补贴。这样算下来，全国大部分地区5-8年就能收回成本了，带来25年稳定的现金流，光伏发电的收益率还是不错的。关于光伏发电的成本问题，一套优质的光伏发电系统，主要材料占系统总价70%，安装费占10%，剩余的部分为支持企业正常运营的费用。针对于农村用户，国家已经出台了阳光贷款服务，更有光伏扶贫政策，未来不远我们每家每户都能装得起光伏发电了。
六、寿命太低了，而且后期维护费事费力。万一遇到什么灾害，就赔本了？
    一套光伏发电系统可正常发电25年以上，如果在严格选择合格的产品，优质的系统集成商可以基本保证后期没有额外的维修费用。大部分品牌企业均对生产的光伏组件提供有限发电质保，20年发电衰减不会超过标称功率的20%。关于这个抵抗自然灾害的能力，今年珠三角过境14级史上最强台风，竟没有一个电站出问题，都运行平稳。事实证明，按照科学的设计方案建设，光伏电站抵抗自然灾害能力是没问题的。
七、 如何看待有报道说“生产光伏电池组件时消耗大量能源”的消息？
    光伏电池在生产过程中确实要消耗一定的能量，其中工业硅提纯、高纯多晶硅生产、单晶硅棒/多晶硅锭生产三个环节的能耗较高。但是光伏电池在20年的使用寿命期内能够不断产生能量。据测算，在我国平均日照条件下，光伏发电系统全寿命周期内能量回报超过其能源消耗的15倍以上。在北京以最佳倾角安装的1千瓦屋顶光伏并网系统的能量回收期为1.5-2年，远低于光伏系统的使用寿命期。也就是说，该光伏系统前1.5-2年发出的电量是用来抵消其生产等过程消耗的能量，1.5-2年之后发出的能量都是纯产出的能量。所以，应该从全生命周期的角度评价光伏电池的能耗。
八、我们有多少太阳光可以利用？它能够成为未来主导能源吗？

    地球表面接受的太阳能辐射能够满足全球能源需求的1万倍。地表每平方米平均每年接收到的辐射大约在1000-2000kWh之间。国际能源署数据显示，在全球4%的沙漠上安装光伏发电系统，就足以满足全球能源需求。光伏发电具有广阔的发展空间(屋顶、建筑面、空地和沙漠等)，潜力十分巨大。

What are the requirements for installing solar photovoltaic equipment?Is the rooftop distributed PV system safe? Will there be risk of unauthorized construction?How much does it cost to install a set of solar photovoltaic power generation equipment? Initial investment is so expensive, 30 to 50 thousand yuan can use electricity for more than 10 years, can you lose money?Let's study together with xiaobian.

A, solar photovoltaic equipment by what components?

The whole equipment is composed of solar cell modules, bracket system, inverter, electrical distribution system, etc. It can complete the installation and debugging of the equipment in 1 to 3 days, without any changes to the original family lines, and can be used normally for about 25 years.

Two, what conditions do you need to install solar photovoltaic equipment?

As long as your home has a certain area without shelter plane, slope or external wall conditions, can apply for installation, do not destroy the roof and waterproof.

Three, the roof distributed photovoltaic system is not safe?Will there be risk of unauthorized construction?

At present, distributed photovoltaic power generation system has been developed for several years and has very mature market experience.Design and technology is also very safe and reasonable, do not need to transform the house, can be based on different building environment to design the installation scheme. Not only the common concrete roof of self-built houses, the glazed tile roof of villas, or the colored steel tile roof of factory roofs, can be used to build distributed photovoltaic.For the development of distributed photovoltaic on buildings, the state is strongly support, issued all kinds of supporting documents, there is no risk of unauthorized construction. Grid companies in the grid acceptance is also encouraged to support, as long as the distributed photovoltaic is built, and the grid company can apply for grid, there is no index limit.

Four, install a set of solar photovoltaic power generation equipment need to invest how much?

According to the installation power, the basic type of the current installation cost per kilowatt of about ten thousand yuan, general villa household solar photovoltaic power equipment in the range of 5 to 8 kilowatts, all invested in 60 to 100 thousand yuan. General rural household solar photovoltaic power generation equipment in the range of 3 to 5 kw, all input in 30 to 50 thousand yuan.(The actual price is adjusted according to the actual situation of the project).

Five, the initial investment is so expensive, thirty or fifty thousand yuan can be used for more than ten years of electricity, will you lose money?

The benefits of photovoltaic power generation are not only the savings in electricity revenue, but also national subsidies and partial local subsidies. According to the mode of self-use surplus electricity to go online, the total revenue of photovoltaic power generation = saving electricity expenses + excess revenue from electricity sales + national subsidies + local subsidies. In this way, most parts of the country can recoup their costs in 5-8 years, bringing stable cash flow for 25 years, and the yield of photovoltaic power generation is still good. As for the cost of photovoltaic power generation, for a high-quality photovoltaic power generation system, the main materials account for 70% of the total price of the system, the installation cost accounts for 10%, and the rest is the cost to support the normal operation of the enterprise. For rural users, the country has introduced sunshine loan services, and photovoltaic poverty alleviation policies. In the near future, every household will be able to afford photovoltaic power generation.

Six, the life is too low, and late maintenance is laborious.In case of some disaster, you lose your money?

A set of photovoltaic power generation system can normally generate power for more than 25 years. If qualified products are strictly selected, high-quality system integrators can basically ensure that there is no additional maintenance costs in the later period. Most of the brands provide a limited power generation warranty for their pv modules, and the power generation attenuation will not exceed 20% of the nominal power in 20 years. As for the ability to resist natural disasters, this year the Pearl River Delta passed through the strongest typhoon in the history of level 14, but not a single power station went wrong and all operated smoothly. It has been proved that the ability of photovoltaic power stations to withstand natural disasters is no problem when constructed according to scientific design schemes.

Vii. How do you view the news that "producing photovoltaic cell modules consumes a lot of energy"?

Photovoltaic cells do consume a certain amount of energy in the production process, among which industrial silicon purification, high purity polysilicon production, monocrystalline silicon rod/polysilicon ingot production three links of high energy consumption. But photovoltaic cells continue to produce energy over their 20-year life.According to estimates, under the average sunshine conditions in China, the energy return of the photovoltaic power generation system during its whole life cycle exceeds its energy consumption by more than 15 times. The energy recovery period of the 1kW rooftop pv grid-connected system installed at the optimal inclination Angle in Beijing is 1.5-2 years, which is far less than the service life of the pv system.In other words, the energy generated by the pv system for the first 1.5 to 2 years is used to offset the energy consumed by the production process, and the energy generated after 1.5 to 2 years is pure energy produced. Therefore, the energy consumption of photovoltaic cells should be evaluated from the perspective of the whole life cycle.

Eight. How much sunlight can we use?Could it be the dominant energy source of the future?

The earth's surface receives 10, 000 times as much solar radiation as the world needs for energy.The average radiation received per square metre of the surface per year is about 1000-2000kwh. Installing photovoltaic systems on 4% of the world's deserts would be enough to meet global energy demand, according to the International Energy Agency. Photovoltaic power generation has a vast development space (roof, building surface, open space and desert, etc.), the potential is huge.