光伏知识普及之单晶与多晶太阳能电池板的区别及优劣势？

   大家好，太阳能发电也叫光伏发电，现在的普及率相对比15年以前，真的是高太多了!就拿15年以前动辄几十块钱一瓦的成本，让中国一般的家庭和企业直呼用不起~~ 但是随着国家发改委开启了度电补贴后，光伏成本骤降，也让中国的光伏市场开启了井喷式的成长。同时光伏发电也发展成为：大规模的集中式地面电站、小规模的分布式电站以及更小规模的户用分布式电站。我们最为熟知的当然是户用分布式电站啦。当然在这里很多没有安装的家庭也开始蠢蠢欲动！但是面临品种繁多的电池板品牌以及不同类型的电池板，我们应该如何选择呢？下面小编来给你们进行科普：

首先我们先了解，目前市场上主流应用的电池板分为：1、单晶太阳能电池板。2、多晶太阳能电池板。3、薄膜太阳能电池板。他们三者的区别在于：

1.单晶硅

单晶硅太阳能电池的光电转换效率为18%左右，最高的达到24%，这是所有种类的太阳能电池中光电转换效率最高的，但制作成本很大，由于单晶硅一般采用钢化玻璃以及防水树脂进行封装，因此其坚固耐用，使用寿命可达25年。（如下图，单晶硅的电池板中的电池片四角是圆滑的！有弧度的。）

摘自网络

2.多晶硅

多晶硅太阳电池的制作工艺与单晶硅太阳电池差不多，但是多晶硅太阳能电池的光电转换效率则要降低不少，其光电转换效率约16%左右。从制作成本上来讲，比单晶硅太阳能电池要便宜一些，材料制造简便，节约电耗，总的生产成本较低，因此得到大量发展。从性能价格比来讲，单晶硅太阳能电池还略好。（如下图，多晶的电池片是没有圆角的。和单晶的很好区分）

摘自网络

3.非晶硅

非晶硅太阳电池是1976年出现的新型薄膜式太阳电池，它与单晶硅和多晶硅太阳电池的制作方法完全不同，工艺过程大大简化，硅材料消耗很少，电耗更低，它的主要优点是在弱光条件也能发电。但非晶硅太阳电池存在的主要问题是光电转换效率偏低，国际先进水平为10%左右，且不够稳定，随着时间的延长，其转换效率衰减。（如下图，从外观上能很好的单、多晶区分）

看完了介绍，我们再来看看组成部分：1、钢化玻璃，2、 EVA 3、电池片 4、EVA 5、背板 6、铝合金保护层压件 7、接线盒 8、硅胶。具体这些部件的作用是什么，让我们另外单独讲。

一、单晶太阳能电池板

单晶电池板组成部件是一样的，只是它的电池片是单晶硅制作而成。(Q:单晶硅是什么？A:硅的单晶体。具有基本完整的点阵结构的晶体。不同的方向具有不同的性质，是一种良好的半导材料。纯度要求达到99.9999%，甚至达到99.9999999%以上。用于制造半导体器件、太阳能电池等。用高纯度的多晶硅在单晶炉内拉制而成。) , 单晶硅的优势在于转换率比多晶硅高，在相同的面积下，能发更多电！降低了土地租金和支架成本。且在性能上（衰减等等）略优秀与多晶硅，但是在制造成本上，要高于多晶硅。所以单晶电池板的价格要高于多晶硅电池板！

二、多晶太阳能电池板

多晶电池板的组成构造和单晶的是完全一样的，只是其电池片是多晶硅制造的。在多晶电池板推出后，因为其价格低廉，且性能与单晶差距不是很大！市场一直很受欢迎。而且因为近几年技术的不断革新，多晶硅电池板在性能上以及转换率上与多晶差距已经不是很大，几乎可以忽略不计。但是在价格上却相差很大（531新政以前单 多晶的价格能相差几毛钱一瓦）。所以多晶硅比较受市场欢迎。（但是在531新政以后，由于单晶电池板价格过高，收益过差，所以单晶电池板降价幅度比较大。截止11月单多晶的电池板价格相差不是很大。）

三、薄膜电池板

薄膜电池板相对硅晶体的电池板其价格还是偏高。且转换率没有优势，但是其在弱光效果和阳光遮挡上的影响比单、多晶的电池板要出色！比较适合因为地理位置较差，常年有阴影遮挡的地区使用。

好了，总结到这里，大家应该有了一个直观的印象。小编在这里呢再进行一个大的汇总：

对电池板的类型没有要求，那么单、多晶选择价格更合适的！场地有限，希望安装更多容量的，选择单晶！采光不好，常年有阴影遮挡的，不刻意追求投资效益的，选择薄膜！希望以上内容能对你有所帮助！

Hello everyone, solar power generation is also called photovoltaic power generation. Compared with 15 years ago, the penetration rate is really too high! Just take the cost of tens of dollars a watt 15 years ago, which made ordinary Chinese families and enterprises unable to afford ~ ~ but with the national development and Reform Commission opening the kWh subsidy, the photovoltaic cost plummeted, which also opened the blowout growth of China's photovoltaic market. At the same time, photovoltaic power generation has also developed into large-scale centralized ground power station, small-scale distributed power station and smaller household distributed power station. Of course, we are most familiar with household distributed power stations. Of course, many families without installation here are also ready to move! However, facing a wide variety of battery board brands and different types of battery boards, how should we choose? The following is a short series to give you popular science:

First of all, we first understand that the mainstream application of solar panels in the market are divided into: 1. Single crystal solar panels. 2. Polycrystalline solar panels. 3. Thin film solar panels. The difference between them lies in:

1. Monocrystalline silicon

The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is about 18%, and the highest is 24%, which is the highest among all kinds of solar cells, but the production cost is very high. Because monocrystalline silicon is generally encapsulated with tempered glass and waterproof resin, it is durable and has a service life of up to 25 years. (as shown in the figure below, the four corners of the cell in the monocrystalline silicon battery panel are smooth! There are radians.)

Pictures from the Internet

2. Polysilicon

The manufacturing process of polysilicon solar cells is similar to that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency of polysilicon solar cells is much lower, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is about 16%. In terms of production cost, it is cheaper than monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The materials are easy to manufacture, save power consumption, and the total production cost is low. Therefore, it has been greatly developed. In terms of performance price ratio, monocrystalline silicon solar cells are slightly better. (as shown in the figure below, polycrystalline cells have no rounded corners. It is well distinguished from single crystal cells.)

Pictures from the Internet

3. Amorphous silicon

Amorphous silicon solar cell is a new type of thin-film solar cell appeared in 1976. It is completely different from the manufacturing methods of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar cells. The process is greatly simplified, the consumption of silicon materials is small, and the power consumption is lower. Its main advantage is that it can generate electricity under weak light conditions. However, the main problem of amorphous silicon solar cells is that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, the international advanced level is about 10%, and it is not stable enough. With the extension of time, its conversion efficiency decreases. (as shown in the figure below, it can be well distinguished between single and polycrystalline in appearance)

Pictures from the Internet

After reading the introduction, let's look at the components: 1. Tempered glass, 2. EVA 3, battery 4, EVA 5, back plate 6, aluminum alloy protective laminate 7, junction box 8 and silica gel. Let's talk about the specific functions of these components separately.

1、 Single crystal solar panel

The components of single crystal battery board are the same, except that its battery sheet is made of single crystal silicon. (Q: what is monocrystalline silicon? A: monocrystalline silicon. It is a crystal with basically complete lattice structure. It has different properties in different directions and is a good semiconducting material. The purity is required to reach 99.9999%, or even more than 99.999999%. It is used to manufacture semiconductor devices and solar cells. It is drawn from high-purity polycrystalline silicon in a single crystal furnace.), The advantage of monocrystalline silicon is that the conversion rate is higher than polycrystalline silicon. It can generate more electricity under the same area! Reduced land rent and support costs. And the performance (attenuation, etc.) is slightly better than that of polycrystalline silicon, but the manufacturing cost is higher than that of polycrystalline silicon. Therefore, the price of single crystal battery panel is higher than that of polycrystalline silicon battery panel!

2、 Polycrystalline solar panel

The composition and structure of polycrystalline battery panel are exactly the same as that of single crystal, except that its battery sheet is made of polycrystalline silicon. After the introduction of polycrystalline battery board, because of its low price, and the performance gap with single crystal is not very big! The market has always been very popular. Moreover, due to the continuous innovation of technology in recent years, the gap between polycrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon in performance and conversion rate is not very large, which can be almost ignored. But there is a big difference in price (the price of single polycrystalline before the 531 new deal can differ by a few cents a watt). Therefore, polysilicon is more popular in the market. (however, after the 531 new deal, the price of single crystal battery panels was too high and the income was too poor, so the price reduction of single crystal battery panels was relatively large. As of November, the price difference of single crystal and polycrystalline battery panels was not very large.)

3、 Thin film battery board

The price of thin-film battery board is still high compared with that of silicon crystal battery board. And the conversion rate has no advantage, but its influence on weak light effect and sunlight shielding is better than that of single and polycrystalline battery panels! It is more suitable for areas with poor geographical location and perennial shadow.

Well, to sum up, you should have an intuitive impression. Here is a big summary of Xiaobian:

There is no requirement for the type of battery board, so the price of single crystal and polycrystalline is more appropriate! The site is limited. If you want to install more capacity, choose single crystal! If the daylighting is not good, and there are shadows all year round, and do not deliberately pursue investment benefits, choose film! I hope the above content can help you!