13215150267
星火太阳能和你一起了解更多太阳能资讯

家庭光伏发电需要投资多少钱?如何选择太阳能发电系统?

返回列表 来源: 乐峰科技 发布日期: 2021.12.03 浏览次数:

   时下,家庭光伏作为高收益、几乎零风险的投资方式,为广大居民所接受,很多人想建,那家庭光伏发电需要投资多少钱?光伏发电是根据光生伏特效应原理,利用太阳电池将太阳光能直接转化为电能。光伏发电系统主要由太阳电池板(组件)、控制器和逆变器三大部分组成,它们主要由电子元器件构成,不涉及机械部件,因此光伏发电设备极为精炼,可靠稳定寿命长、安装维护简便。

什么是家庭光伏电站?

家庭光伏,主要是利用家庭现有建筑物上的闲置资源,如屋顶、墙壁立面、阳台、院落等,安装和使用分布式光伏发电系统;具有安装容量小,安装点多,并网流程简单,收益明显直接,也是国家补贴最高的一种分布式光伏发电应用形式。

家用光伏发电系统的成本取决于三个因素:

1、设备成本。即光伏逆变器、太阳能电池板等。

不同的光伏安装公司有自己的定价标准,目前光伏系统的合理建设成本一般在每瓦10块钱左右。光伏组件大约占总投资的49%,逆变器及其它电气设备大约占10%,电缆和支架各占大约10%,这几个分项所占比例较高。

2、装机容量。

怎么算自己家的装机容量?

主要看两点:每月用电量与可安装面积。根据当前实际的用电量情况来判断需要安装多少千瓦的光伏电站,这样比较经济。也可以建设稍大功率的电站,这样用不完的电可以并网卖给国家。

计算方法:每千瓦光伏发电系统每天可以发四度电,需要10平方安装面积。只要光伏电站的发电量大于家里的用电量,那么就可以带动家里所有的电器。

比如家里每个月要用360度电,屋顶可安装面积50平方。

3、补贴政策

2018年1月1日以后投运的、采用“自发自用、余量上网”模式的分布式光伏发电项目,全电量度电补贴标准降低0.05元,即补贴标准调整为每千瓦时0.37元(含税)。采用“全额上网”模式的分布式光伏发电项目按所在资源区光伏电站价格执行。此外,还有地方补贴,不同省份地区补贴力度都不一样,这个需要咨询当地的政策。

家庭光伏发电的收益包括三部分:

1、补贴赚钱:国家补贴0.37元/度+省级补贴+市县补贴(各地略有不同),不论是自己用了还是卖了,只要发的电都有补贴。

2、节省电费:发电自己用,不用交电费,等于赚钱了。

3、卖电赚钱:用不完的电卖给国家,卖电价格按照当地燃煤脱硫机组标杆电价0.4元/度左右。(各地电价略有不同)。

家庭光伏发电接入电网的模式有两种可选择:

1、自发自用,余电上网(优先自己用,多余卖给国家)

2、全部上网(所发电量全部卖给国家)

家庭光伏发电一般选择第二种,即自发自用,余电上网。这样是不需要蓄电池的,晚上不能发电的时候可以直接用电网的电。

太阳能发电系统不是一件标准化的产品,同样的配置不一定适合所有的用户,需要根据用户的自身情况来设计和配置,那么对于有意向购买太阳能发电系统的用户来说,在购买之前应该先做哪几点考虑呢?

居住地的客观环境

通常,个人申请太阳能光伏发电站并网除了理清屋顶的使用权外,并不需要太多资质。但是除去政策规定,安装太阳能光伏发电站之前还需要考虑一些客观因素。

建议先考虑一下光伏组件的安装位置和安装面积。通常来说,南屋面或者东西朝向的屋面都比较适合安装,另外有院子或者阳台的家庭也可以考虑安装阳光棚、车棚或者遮阳棚。

一般而言,对于河北南部区域来说,每千瓦光伏发电系统年平均每天可以发四度电左右,平铺需要屋顶面积10平方米,而斜铺根据角度不同,大约7平方米。用户可以根据用电量和可用面积大概估测下自家需要多大的光伏发电系统。

目前来说,别墅或农村等独门独户的房屋比较适合太阳能光伏发电站项目。如果是居民小区,则手续可能比较繁琐,需要整个单元的业主签字同意才能安装。

个人的经济因素

个人分布式光伏发电项目虽然投资较大,但它是一项长期且环保的投资。如果手里有闲钱,想选择个靠谱的理财或投资产品的话,光伏发电项目绝对是一个明智的选择。

据测算,以河北省南部地区目前的日照情况为例,每1万元的设备一年能发1500度电到2000度电,假设100%并入国家电网且全部补贴到位后,5到8年的时间可以收回成本。而光伏设备的寿命一般在25年左右,收回成本之后的售电收入都是净收益。

考虑荷载对光伏方阵和建筑物的影响

从安全和稳定的角度出发,设计时需要考虑永久荷载、风荷载、雪荷载、温度荷载对光伏方阵和建筑物的影响。保证光伏方阵能够抵御当地极端气候的侵害。

分布式系统安装之前,要对建筑物的荷载能力进行勘测、计算和校核,设计出合理的安装方案。因此建议一定要找专业的安装厂商来进行前期勘测,并按照安装方案进行施工。

并网模式的选择

国家电网对于分布式光伏发电应用采取鼓励和合作的态度,允许光伏电站业主采用自发自用余电上网或者用电量全部上网的结算模式。

两种并网模式哪个收益更多?

根据业内人士测算,如果用电量不太大,没有超过一档电价的话,以目前的收益来看,还是全额上网模式比较合适。

如果在用电量特别大,达到三档电价标准的情况下,建议使用自发自用余电上网模式模式更合适。从国家大的战略层面来说,自然是鼓励家庭用户采用自发自用余电上网这种模式,这也符合分布式的特点。

安装商的选择

一套光伏发电系统主要包括光伏组件、逆变器和各种电线以及电表和监控装置,一旦设备质量不好,或者安装不规范,不但会影响自身用电安全,还可能对其他用户造成影响。建议大家购买时选择正规、有质量保证的安装厂商,他们能够提供优质的光伏组件及相关设备,保证按标准进行施工,这样才能真正避免后顾之忧。

Dingtalk_20211111112629

Nowadays, as a high-yield and almost zero risk investment method, household photovoltaic is accepted by the majority of residents. Many people want to build it. How much does household photovoltaic power generation need to invest? Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electric energy. Photovoltaic power generation system is mainly composed of solar panel (module), controller and inverter. They are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical parts. Therefore, photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable and stable, long service life and simple installation and maintenance.

What is a home photovoltaic power station?

Household photovoltaic mainly uses the idle resources on the existing buildings of the family, such as roofs, walls, facades, balconies, courtyards, etc., to install and use distributed photovoltaic power generation systems; It has small installation capacity, many installation points, simple grid connection process and obvious direct income. It is also a distributed photovoltaic power generation application form with the highest national subsidy.

The cost of domestic photovoltaic power generation system depends on three factors:

1. Equipment cost. Namely, photovoltaic inverter, solar panel, etc.

Different photovoltaic installation companies have their own pricing standards. At present, the reasonable construction cost of photovoltaic system is generally about 10 yuan per watt. Photovoltaic modules account for about 49% of the total investment, inverters and other electrical equipment account for about 10%, and cables and supports account for about 10% respectively. These sub items account for a high proportion.

2. Installed capacity.

How to calculate the installed capacity of your home?

It mainly depends on two points: monthly power consumption and installable area. It is more economical to judge how many kilowatts of photovoltaic power plants need to be installed according to the current actual power consumption. A slightly higher power station can also be built, so that the inexhaustible electricity can be connected to the grid and sold to the country.

Calculation method: each kilowatt of photovoltaic power generation system can generate four degrees of electricity per day, requiring 10 square meters of installation area. As long as the power generation of the photovoltaic power station is greater than the power consumption at home, it can drive all the electrical appliances at home.

For example, the family needs 360 degrees of electricity every month, and the roof can be installed with an area of 50 square meters.

3. Subsidy policy

For distributed photovoltaic power generation projects that are put into operation after January 1, 2018 and adopt the mode of "spontaneous self use and surplus Internet access", the subsidy standard for full energy per kilowatt hour is reduced by 0.05 yuan, that is, the subsidy standard is adjusted to 0.37 yuan per kilowatt hour (including tax). The distributed photovoltaic power generation project adopting the "full access" mode shall be implemented according to the price of photovoltaic power station in the resource area. In addition, there are local subsidies. The subsidies are different in different provinces and regions. You need to consult local policies.

The income of household photovoltaic power generation includes three parts:

1. Subsidy to make money: national subsidy of 0.37 yuan / kWh + provincial subsidy + city and county subsidy (slightly different from each place). As long as you use or sell the electricity, there are subsidies.

2. Save electricity: generate electricity for your own use. You don't have to pay electricity, which is equivalent to making money.

3. Make money by selling electricity: the electricity that can not be used up is sold to the state, and the selling price is about 0.4 yuan / kWh according to the benchmark price of local coal-fired desulfurization units. (electricity prices vary slightly from place to place).

There are two modes for household photovoltaic power generation to connect to the power grid:

1. Spontaneous self use, surplus electricity on the Internet (priority for self use, surplus sold to the state)

2. All connected to the grid (all generated power is sold to the state)

The second type is generally selected for household photovoltaic power generation, that is, spontaneous self use and surplus power on the Internet. In this way, there is no need for batteries. When power generation is not available at night, you can directly use the power of the power grid.

Solar power generation system is not a standardized product. The same configuration may not be suitable for all users. It needs to be designed and configured according to the user's own situation. What considerations should be made for users who intend to buy solar power generation system before buying?

Objective environment of residence

Usually, individuals do not need too many qualifications to apply for grid connection of solar photovoltaic power stations except to clarify the right to use the roof. However, in addition to the policy provisions, some objective factors need to be considered before installing solar photovoltaic power stations.

It is recommended to consider the installation location and area of photovoltaic modules first. Generally speaking, the South roof or East-West roof are more suitable for installation. In addition, families with yards or balconies can also consider installing sunshades, car sheds or sunshades.

Generally speaking, for the southern region of Hebei, the photovoltaic power generation system can generate about four degrees of electricity per kilowatt per day. The tiled roof area is 10 square meters, while the inclined paving is about 7 square meters according to different angles. Users can roughly estimate how much photovoltaic power generation system they need according to power consumption and available area.

At present, single family houses such as villas or rural areas are more suitable for solar photovoltaic power station projects. If it is a residential area, the procedures may be cumbersome, and the installation can only be carried out with the signature and consent of the owner of the whole unit.

Personal economic factors

Although the investment of personal distributed photovoltaic power generation project is large, it is a long-term and environmental protection investment. If you have spare money and want to choose a reliable financial or investment product, photovoltaic power generation project is definitely a wise choice.

It is estimated that taking the current sunshine situation in the southern region of Hebei Province as an example, every 10000 yuan of equipment can generate 1500 to 2000 kwh a year. Assuming that 100% is connected to the State Grid and all subsidies are in place, the cost can be recovered in 5 to 8 years. The service life of photovoltaic equipment is generally about 25 years, and the power sales revenue after cost recovery is the net income.

Consider the influence of load on photovoltaic array and buildings

From the perspective of safety and stability, the effects of permanent load, wind load, snow load and temperature load on photovoltaic array and buildings need to be considered in design. Ensure that the photovoltaic array can resist the invasion of local extreme climate.

Before the installation of the distributed system, the load capacity of the building shall be surveyed, calculated and checked, and a reasonable installation scheme shall be designed. Therefore, it is recommended to find a professional installation manufacturer to conduct preliminary survey and carry out construction according to the installation scheme.

Selection of grid connection mode

The State Grid encourages and cooperates in the application of distributed photovoltaic power generation, and allows the owners of photovoltaic power stations to adopt the settlement mode of spontaneous self consumption of surplus power or all power consumption.

Which of the two grid connection modes benefits more?

According to the calculation of insiders, if the power consumption is not too large and does not exceed the first gear electricity price, the full access mode is more appropriate from the current income.

If the electricity consumption is particularly large and reaches the third grade electricity price standard, it is recommended to use the spontaneous self use surplus power on grid mode. From the perspective of national strategy, it is natural to encourage household users to use the mode of spontaneous self use surplus electricity to access the Internet, which is also in line with the characteristics of distribution.

Installer selection

A set of photovoltaic power generation system mainly includes photovoltaic modules, inverters, various wires, electricity meters and monitoring devices. Once the equipment quality is poor or the installation is not standardized, it will not only affect its own power safety, but also affect other users. It is recommended that you choose regular and quality guaranteed installation manufacturers when purchasing. They can provide high-quality photovoltaic modules and related equipment to ensure that the construction is carried out according to the standards, so as to really avoid worries at home.


【相关推荐】

全国服务热线

13215150267
  • 地址:东莞市松山湖中小企业园十一栋
  • 电话:13215150267
  • 邮箱:liusq@singfosolar.cn
  • 手机二维码
东莞市星火太阳能科技股份有限公司版权所有 / 备案号:粤ICP备14057282号-5 /  网站地图 / 百度统计  技术支持: 牛商股份