太阳能光伏发电系统从大类 上可分为离网
(独立)光伏发电系统和并网光伏发电系统两大类。
下图是离网光伏发电系统的工作原理示意图。太阳能光伏发电的核心部件是太阳电池组件，它将太阳光的光能直接转换成电能，并通过光伏控制器把电池组件产生的电能存储于蓄电池中。当负载用电时，蓄电池中的电能通过光伏控制器合理地分配到各个负载上。电池组件所产生的电流为直流电，可以直接以直流电的形式应用，也可以用交流逆变器将其转换成为交流电，供交流负载使用。太阳能发电的电能可以即发即用，也可以用蓄电池等储能装置将电能存储起来，在需要时使用 。
离网光伏发电系统适用于下列情况及场合:①需要移动携带的设备电源:②远离电网的边远地区、农林牧区、山区、岛屿:③不需要并网的场合:④不需要备用电源的场合等。
一般来说， 在远离电网而又必需电力供应的地方以及如柴油发电等需要运输燃料、发电成本较高的场合，使用离网光伏发电系统比较经济、环保，可优先考虑。有些场合为了保证离网供电的稳定性、连续性和可靠性，往往还需要采用柴油发电机、风力发电机等与光伏发电系统构成风光柴互补的发电系统。
并网光伏发电系统由电池组件方阵将光能转变成电能，并经直流汇流箱和直流配电柜进入并网逆变器，有些类型的并网光伏发电系统还要配置储能系统储存电能。并网光伏逆变器由功率调节、交流逆变、并网保护切换等部分构成。经逆变器输出的交流电通过交流配电柜后供用户或负载使用，多余的电能可通过电力变压器等设备逆流馈入公共电网
(可称为卖电)。当并网光伏发电系统因气候原因发电不足或自身用电量偏大时，可由公共电网向用户负载补充供电(称为买电)。 系统还配备有监控、测试及显示系统，用于对整个系统工作状态的监控、检测及发电量等各种数据的统计，还可以利用计算机网络系统远程控制和显示数据。
并网光伏发 电系统可以向公共电网逆流供电，其
“昼发夜用”的发电特性正好可对公共电网实行峰谷调节，对加强供电的稳定性和可靠性十分有利。与离网光伏发电系统相比，可以不用储能蓄电设备(特殊场合除外)，从而扩大了使用范围和灵活性，并使发电系统成本大大降低。
对于有储能系统的并网光伏发电系统，光伏逆变器中将含有充放电控制功能，负责调节、控制和保护储能系统正常工作。
Solar photovoltaic power generation systems can be divided into two categories: off grid (independent) photovoltaic power generation systems and grid connected photovoltaic power generation systems.
The following figure shows the working principle
of off grid photovoltaic power generation system. The core component of solar photovoltaic power generation is the solar cell module, which directly converts the solar energy into electrical energy, and stores the electrical energy generated by the battery
module in the battery through the photovoltaic controller. When the load uses electricity, the electric energy in the battery is reasonably distributed to each load through the photovoltaic controller. The current generated by the battery module is DC,
which can be directly applied in the form of DC, or can be converted into AC by AC inverter for AC load. The electric energy of solar power generation can be generated and used immediately. It can also be stored by energy storage devices such as batteries
for use when needed.
Photovoltaic Institute | understand the working principle of solar photovoltaic power generation system in two pictures
The off grid photovoltaic power generation system is applicable to the following situations and occasions:
① power supply for mobile equipment: ② remote areas, agricultural, forestry and pastoral areas, mountains and islands away from the power grid: ③ occasions where grid connection is not required: ④ occasions where standby power supply is not required.
Generally speaking, the off grid photovoltaic power generation system is more economical and environmentally friendly in places far away from the power grid and where power supply is necessary, as well as in places requiring transportation fuel and
high power generation costs, such as diesel power generation, which can be given priority. In some cases, in order to ensure the stability, continuity and reliability of off grid power supply, it is often necessary to use diesel generators, wind turbines
and photovoltaic power generation systems to form a wind diesel complementary power generation system.
The grid connected photovoltaic power generation system converts light energy into electric energy by the square array of battery modules, and
enters the grid connected inverter through the DC combiner box and DC distribution cabinet. Some types of grid connected photovoltaic power generation systems are also equipped with energy storage systems to store electric energy. The grid connected photovoltaic
inverter is composed of power regulation, AC inverter, grid connected protection switching, etc. The AC output by the inverter is used by users or loads after passing through the AC distribution cabinet, and the excess electric energy can be fed into
the public power grid through power transformers and other equipment (which can be called power selling). When the grid connected photovoltaic power generation system has insufficient power generation or its own power consumption is too large due to climate
reasons, the public power grid can supplement the power supply to the user load (called power purchase). The system is also equipped with a monitoring, testing and display system, which is used to monitor and detect the working status of the whole system
and to count various data such as power generation. It can also use the computer network system to remotely control and display data.
Photovoltaic Institute | understand the working principle of solar photovoltaic power generation system in two pictures
The grid connected photovoltaic power generation system can supply reverse current power to the public power grid. Its power generation characteristics of "generating power in the day and using it at night" can precisely regulate the peak and valley
of the public power grid, which is very beneficial to strengthening the stability and reliability of power supply. Compared with off grid photovoltaic power generation system, energy storage equipment (except for special occasions) can not be used, which
expands the scope of use and flexibility, and greatly reduces the cost of power generation system.
For the grid connected photovoltaic power generation system with energy storage system, the photovoltaic inverter will contain the charge and discharge
control function, which is responsible for regulating, controlling and protecting the normal operation of the energy storage system.
The
全国服务热线
