东莞市星火太阳能科技股份有限公司

13215150267
星火太阳能和你一起了解更多太阳能资讯
太阳能光伏发电板的工作原理和转换效率讲解
返回列表 来源: 发布日期: 2022.06.30 浏览次数:

一、太阳能发电板

太阳能发电板由单晶硅电子和多晶硅电子等组成。当然单晶硅好于多晶硅,价格也偏贵一些。见图①

太阳能光伏发电板的工作原理和转换效率讲解

图①太阳能发电板(大小功率)

二、太阳能电池板的光谱响应

图②

太阳能光伏发电板的工作原理和转换效率讲解

图②硅太阳电池的光谱响应曲线

从上图曲线可以看出: 硅太阳能的光谱响应范围很宽,从可见光到红外光,尤其是在近红外范围灵敏度比较高。

它在太阳光照射的情况下收集形成电流到外电路,驱动电器(负载)。見图③

太阳能光伏发电板的工作原理和转换效率讲解

图③太阳能光伏电池工作原理图

三、太阳能光伏电池的转换效率

1、太阳能电池能直接将太阳能转换为电能,决定其性能的参数很多,几个重要参数分别是开路电压Voc、短路电流丨sc、最大输出功率点电压(也称工作电压)Vmaⅹ、最大输出功率点电流(也称工作电流)丨mαx、填充因子F.F.和转换效率η,这些参数是在标准测试情况下得到的。

2、太阳能电池的标准测试条件为AM1.5,辐照光强为: 1000W/m2,25℃时,即: 在海平面上,太阳在正午时垂直照射到1m2面积的光伏电池板的功率是1Kw。形象地说,如果将太阳光伏电池铺满在1m2面积上,当太阳光伏电池的转换率是15%时,其输出功率就达到150W。目前太阳电池转换效率一般在17%一18%左右。但有的国家已研究出转换效率到25%一35%,还待普及。虽然地面的光谱辐照度随时随地都在变化,但还是有规律的。

3、国际电工委会规定了AM1.5条件下的标准太阳光谱辐照度P1.5。不仅括AM1.5条件下的直接辐射,还包括散射辐射,是该条件下太阳光谱总辐射分布。

四、太阳能光伏电池板的寿命

一块太阳能光伏板是按低铁钢化玻璃或其它透明盖板、再加上玻璃纤维的顺序封装,后面盖以TPT材料做成的。用上述工艺制造的太阳能光伏组件,大多能在野外潮湿恶劣和太阳曝晒的环境下工作寿命可达20年以上。


1、 Solar panel
The solar power generation panel is composed of monocrystalline silicon electrons and polycrystalline silicon electrons. Of course, monocrystalline silicon is better than polycrystalline silicon, and the price is more expensive. See figure ①
Explanation of working principle and conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic power generation panel
Figure ① solar panel (large and small power)
2、 Spectral response of solar panels
Figure ②
Explanation of working principle and conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic power generation panel
Fig. ② spectral response curve of silicon solar cell
It can be seen from the curve above that the spectral response range of silicon solar energy is very wide, from visible light to infrared light, especially in the near-infrared range.
It collects and forms current to the external circuit to drive the electric appliance (load) under the sunlight. See figure ③
Explanation of working principle and conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic power generation panel
Figure ③ working principle diagram of solar photovoltaic cell
3、 Conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic cells
1. Solar cells can directly convert solar energy into electric energy. There are many parameters that determine their performance. Several important parameters are open circuit voltage VOC, short circuit current 1sc, maximum output power point voltage (also known as working voltage) VMA x, and maximum output power point current (also known as working current) M α x. Fill factor F.F. and conversion efficiency η, These parameters are obtained under standard test conditions.
2. The standard test condition for solar cells is AM1.5. The irradiation light intensity is 1000w/m2. At 25 ℃, that is, on the sea level, the power of 1m2 photovoltaic panels vertically irradiated by the sun at noon is 1kW. Figuratively speaking, if the solar photovoltaic cells are spread over an area of 1m2, when the conversion rate of the solar photovoltaic cells is 15%, the output power will reach 150W. At present, the conversion efficiency of solar cells is generally about 17-18%. However, some countries have studied the conversion efficiency to 25-35%, which needs to be popularized. Although the spectral irradiance of the ground is changing anytime and anywhere, it is still regular.
3. IEC has stipulated the standard solar spectral irradiance P1.5 under the condition of AM1.5. It includes not only the direct radiation under AM1.5, but also the scattered radiation, which is the total radiation distribution of the solar spectrum under this condition.
4、 Service life of solar photovoltaic panels
A solar photovoltaic panel is packaged in the order of low-iron tempered glass or other transparent cover plate, plus glass fiber, and the back cover is made of TPT material. Most of the solar PV modules manufactured by the above process can work for more than 20 years in the wet and harsh outdoor environment and the sun exposure environment.










全国服务热线

13215150267
  • 地址:东莞市松山湖中小企业园十一栋
  • 电话:13215150267
  • 邮箱:liusq@singfosolar.cn
  • 手机二维码
东莞市星火太阳能科技股份有限公司版权所有 / 备案号:粤ICP备14057282号-5 /  网站地图 / 百度统计  技术支持: 牛商股份