根据国家统一部署，7月中旬全国碳排放权交易市场在上海环境能源交易所正式启动，全球最大的碳交易市场诞生。
什么是碳定价？什么是碳排放交易市场？碳交易市场现在国内外构建格局是什么？国家如何实施碳排放权配额分配？碳交易是如何运行的？
企业如何实现节能减排？同方智慧节能产业如何助力“碳达峰 碳中和?
1..什么是碳定价？   什么是碳排放交易市场？
近些年来，随着全球变暖问题日益受到重视，世界各国都开始进行控制温室气体排放，并制定相关政策；本着“谁污染谁付费”，原则；碳定价机制就产生了，这种定价方式有助于企业实现低碳转型，降低供应链碳排放，推动可持续发展目标的实现。碳定价向排放者提供经济信号，并允许他们决定改变其活动并降低其排放量，或继续排放但同时为其排放量付钱。通过这种方式，可以以最灵活，成本最低的方式实现全球环境目标。
◆碳定价机制一般分为两种：1)政府强制型手段，就是开征碳税；2)通过市场手段，也就是建立碳排放权交易体系。
此次全国碳排放权交易市场就是通过市场手段来实现“碳达峰 碳中和”。
2..碳交易市场,     现在国内外构建格局是什么？
全球碳交易市场源于《京都议定书》中提出的清洁发展机制（Clean Development Mechanism,CDM）。国外碳交易市场发展较早，2003年左右，美国、日本、澳大利亚、欧盟相继建立碳交易市场，迄今为止国外的碳交易市场在不断的改革中发展。2002年，我国成为CDM参与方，2016年成功注册CDM项目3883个，占全球64%。2017年全国碳交易市场正式启动，这是我国加快步伐迈入"低碳时代”的标志，截止到2020年底，全国8个试点碳市场的累计配额成交量达到4.55亿吨二氧化碳当量，累计成交额超过105亿元。2021年7月全球最大的碳交易市场诞生。从国家体量和市场前景看未来我国的碳交易市场还有更加广阔的发展空间。.国家如何实施碳排放权配额分配？
     碳交易是如何运行的？碳交易理论基础其实是源于科斯定理，科斯定理的目的之一是讨论如何解决外部性问题。
通常情况下，政府确定一个碳排放总额，并根据一定规则将碳排放配额分配至企业。碳交易市场把二氧化碳碳排放权作为商品进行货币交易；那么具体是如何交易的呢？
举个例子：A企业和B企业2021年初始配额量为100万吨，到年底后进行碳排量计算，A企业实际排放量为80万吨，B企业实际排放量为115万吨，按照全年初始配额换算，A企业2021年初始配额剩下的20万吨可以在全国碳排放权交易市场卖给全年排放量超标的B企业，这样就形成了碳交易。
上述例子中对于B企业来讲如何优化碳排放量，实现碳排放量低于初始配额是亟需解决的问题！
3..企业如何实现节能减排？具体措施如下：
1.)管理措施：建立健全企业内部能耗指标管理制度、节能减碳指标体系，严格执行考评机制；
2)节能新技术应用：推广应用节能新技术、新设备、新工艺等，提高生产环节能源利用率；重视废气、废热资源的再利用，如余热余压发电、余热制冷/供暖等，提高综合能源利用率；
3)调整能源结构：如传统热力公司以燃煤锅炉为主逐渐过渡到工业余热、热泵以及核能供热等；
4)信息技术手段：利用“物联网”、“云平台”、“大数据”“人工智能”等信息技术用于能源消耗的各个环节的监控和自动调节，实现用能环节精确控制，避免浪费，达到整体节能减碳的目的。
4..同方智慧节能产业 融合发展，助力“碳达峰 碳中和”绿色发展已经成为经济社会发展的全新战略，双碳目标下，能源绿色低碳转型升级也随之迎来了新机遇与更广阔的市场。
同方智慧节能产业本部致力于智慧、绿色、健康的新型城市化科技服务产业集群。双能驱动，构建完善的绿色节能体系。有效节约城市基础设施的能源消耗并节省社会资源，提高城市管理的运行效率。为国节能，为民节资。同方智慧节能产业智慧供热服务 城市集中供热超过14亿平米，实施热泵清洁供暖面积超过4亿平米，年平均节约标煤750万吨，减少二氧化碳排放量1950万吨！

According to the unified national plan, the national carbon emission trading market was officially launched in the Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange in mid-July, marking the birth of the world's largest carbon trading market.

What is carbon pricing?What is an emissions trading market?What is the structure of carbon trading market at home and abroad?How does the country implement carbon emission quota allocation? How does carbon trading work?

How can enterprises achieve energy conservation and emission reduction?How does Tongfang smart energy saving industry contribute to "carbon peak carbon neutrality"?

1..What is carbon pricing?What is an emissions trading market?

In recent years, with the increasing attention to global warming, countries all over the world began to control greenhouse gas emissions and formulate relevant policies. In line with the principle of "he who pollutes pays";The carbon pricing mechanism has emerged, which helps enterprises to achieve low-carbon transformation, reduce the carbon emissions of supply chain, and promote the realization of sustainable development goals. Carbon pricing provides economic signals to emitters and allows them to decide to change their activities and reduce their emissions, or to continue emitting while paying for their emissions. In this way, global environmental goals can be achieved in the most flexible and cost-effective manner.

◆ Carbon pricing mechanisms are generally divided into two types: 1) government coercive means, that is, carbon tax;2) Through market means, namely the establishment of carbon emission trading system.

The national carbon emission trading market is to achieve "carbon peak carbon neutrality" through market means.

2..What is the structure of carbon trading market at home and abroad?

The global carbon market grew out of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) set out in the Kyoto Protocol.Foreign carbon trading markets developed earlier. Around 2003, the United States, Japan, Australia and the European Union established carbon trading markets one after another. So far, foreign carbon trading markets have been developing in constant reform. In 2002, China became a CDM participant. In 2016, 3,883 CDM projects were successfully registered, accounting for 64% of the global total.In 2017, the national carbon trading market was officially launched, which is a sign that China is stepping up its pace into the "low-carbon era". By the end of 2020, the accumulative trading volume of quota in the eight pilot carbon markets reached 455 million tons of CARBON dioxide equivalent, and the accumulative trading volume exceeded 10.5 billion yuan. The world's largest carbon trading market was launched in July 2021.From the perspective of national size and market prospect, China's carbon trading market has a broader space for development in the future. How does the country implement carbon emission quota allocation?

How does carbon trading work?The theoretical basis of carbon trading is actually derived from coase theorem. One of the purposes of Coase theorem is to discuss how to solve the problem of externalities.

Usually, the government sets a carbon emission total and allocates quotas to companies according to certain rules.Carbon trading market takes carbon dioxide emission right as commodity and carries on currency trading. So how exactly does it work?

Here's an example:The initial quota of Enterprise A and Enterprise B in 2021 is 1 million tons. After the carbon emission calculation at the end of the year, the actual emission of Enterprise A is 800,000 tons, and that of enterprise B is 1.15 million tons. Based on the annual initial quota conversion, The remaining 200,000 tons of enterprise A's initial quota in 2021 can be sold in the national carbon emission trading market to Enterprise B whose annual emissions exceed the standard, thus forming carbon trading.

For enterprise B in the above example, how to optimize the carbon emission and realize the carbon emission lower than the initial quota is an urgent problem to be solved!

3..How can enterprises achieve energy conservation and emission reduction? Specific measures are as follows:

1.) Management measures: establish and improve the enterprise's internal energy consumption index management system, energy saving and carbon reduction index system, and strictly implement the evaluation mechanism;

2) Application of new energy-saving technology: promote the application of new energy-saving technology, new equipment, new process, etc., to improve the energy utilization rate of production links; Pay attention to the reuse of waste gas and waste heat resources, such as waste heat and pressure power generation, waste heat refrigeration/heating, etc., to improve the comprehensive energy utilization rate;

3) Adjust the energy structure: for example, traditional thermal power companies are gradually transitioning from coal-fired boilers to industrial waste heat, heat pumps and nuclear energy heating;

4) Information technology means: Information technologies such as "Internet of Things", "cloud platform", "big data" and "artificial intelligence" are used for monitoring and automatic adjustment of all links of energy consumption to achieve accurate control of energy consumption links, avoid waste and achieve the purpose of overall energy saving and carbon reduction.

4..It has become a new strategy for economic and social development to promote the "carbon peak and carbon neutral" green development through the integrated development of smart energy saving industry in Tongfang. Under the dual carbon goal, the green and low-carbon energy transformation and upgrading will also usher in new opportunities and a broader market.

Tongfang Smart Energy Conservation Industry headquarters is committed to smart, green and healthy new urbanization science and technology service industry cluster. Double energy drive, build a perfect green energy saving system.Effectively save the energy consumption of urban infrastructure and save social resources to improve the operational efficiency of urban management. Save energy for the country, save capital for the people.Tongfang smart energy saving industry smart heating service City central heating over 1.4 billion square meters, the implementation of heat pump clean heating area over 400 million square meters, saving 7.5 million tons of standard coal, reducing 19.5 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually!