现代能源体系中光伏行业的发展机遇

分布式光伏——渔光互补  中国电科院/供图

光伏能源系统示意图  华北电力大学新能源学院/供图

Of the four major targets for carbon peak and carbon neutrality, three are directly related to energy, namely, by 2030, carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by more than 65% compared with 2005, the share of non-fossil energy consumption will rise to around 25%, and the total installed capacity of wind and solar power will reach over 1.2 billion kW.   The main way to achieve these targets is to accelerate the transition from fossil energy consumption to clean and low emissions by adopting a green and low-carbon development mode.   Solar energy reserves are huge and environmentally friendly. The development of photovoltaic industry is a key force to realize the low-carbon transformation of energy consumption structure.  

To speed up the green low carbon energy structure transformation, focusing on 2025 non-fossil energy consumption to around 20% of the target, during the period of "difference" to speed up the development of solar power, increasing large photovoltaic base planning construction, adjust measures to local conditions to promote the coordinated development of photovoltaic industry and ecological management, further support, service and key industries with changing way.   The key to carbon emission reduction in energy field is the low-carbon transformation of energy consumption mode.   The use of traditional fossil energy in industrial manufacturing will face changes, and will be replaced by the development of solar energy and other new energy forms. Photovoltaic glass in the construction field will also meet the power supply demand of the building, which will achieve greater efforts to reduce carbon, control the growth of coal consumption, and then promote the low-carbon transformation of all industries.  With the gradual increase of photovoltaic industry capacity, the dependence of economic and social development on traditional fossil energy will be greatly reduced, effectively reduce carbon emissions, and contribute to the realization of the "dual carbon" goal.  

Distributed pv improves energy system efficiency  

The picture  

Distributed photovoltaic -- Fishlight complementary China Institute of Electricity Science/photo provided  

Distributed pv creates a new mode of self-generation and self-consumption.  Solar energy is widely distributed and varies greatly from region to region. According to the resource endowment of solar energy, efforts should be made to develop and utilize solar energy nearby, speed up the construction of distributed PV in load centers and surrounding areas, encourage pv generation to give priority to local consumption, reduce cross-domain transmission of electricity, and improve transmission and distribution efficiency.  Research and development of new thin film photovoltaic cells represented by perovskite, tap the application potential of flexible, color and translucent thin film cells, actively promote the construction of distributed photovoltaic cells such as rooftop photovoltaic, agricultural light complementary and fishing light complementary, and form a new energy industry to enrich the people.  We will step up efforts to develop solar energy, guide all industries to rely more on photovoltaic power to increase local energy self-sufficiency and reduce dependence on cross-region power transmission and distribution.  

We will vigorously develop the integration of source networks, charges and storage.  Focus on the research and development of integrated optical storage technology, scientific optimization of power supply scale ratio and demand-side electricity regulation, encourage nearby consumption, the construction of photovoltaic power generation - grid-connection - storage - energy consumption integrated production and consumption system.  Innovate and develop diversified and intelligent utilization modes of photovoltaic cells, promote the deep integration of photovoltaic and high-tech industries such as automobile, communication and smart wear, build the "PHOTOVOLTAIC +" ecological chain, develop the distributed energy consumption mode of industrial industries, reduce the transmission loss of electricity and improve the efficiency of energy system.  We will actively promote demonstration projects to build clean energy bases with multiple functions and complementary functions, accelerate the research and development and design of integrated energy systems and the implementation of smart micro-grid technologies, and constantly strengthen the ability to coordinate the operation of electricity.  

The picture  

Schematic diagram of photovoltaic energy System, College of New Energy, North China Electric Power University/provided  

Photovoltaic technology innovation promotes the transformation and upgrading of the energy system  

The Plan puts forward higher requirements for innovation and development capacity in the energy field. In the photovoltaic field, scientific and technological innovation and photovoltaic industry model innovation should be strengthened during the 14th Five-Year Plan period to lead the energy industry to green and low-carbon development with innovation.  

In terms of scientific and technological innovation, we should base on the foundation and advantages of China's current energy industry and increase the investment in photovoltaic technology research and development.   On the one hand, it promotes the research and development of new solar cell technology represented by perovskite-based photovoltaic technology, promotes breakthroughs in green and low-carbon energy technology, makes world-class breakthroughs in photovoltaic module efficiency, stability and cost, breaks down foreign technical barriers to new photovoltaic manufacturing, and forge innovative long plates in the photovoltaic field.   On the other hand, based on the current industrial system of silicon solar cells in China, the r&d investment in centralized photovoltaic, distributed photovoltaic and photovoltaic building integration technologies will be increased to explore the diversified development of photovoltaic technology, expand the application scenarios and scope of photovoltaic, and continuously improve the utilization level and efficiency of solar energy.  

In the photovoltaic industry model innovation, promote the deep integration of solar cell technology with information technology, material technology and advanced manufacturing technology.   Promote the utilization of information technology and advanced manufacturing technology in the production of silicon-based solar cells, and promote the digitalization and intelligent upgrading of the silicon solar cell industry.  Explore a new mode of photovoltaic module production and consumption, guide the supply-side structural reform of the photovoltaic industry, build an intelligent photovoltaic energy system, and form a new mode of photovoltaic consumption based on advanced material technology and manufacturing technology, guided by the actual demand side demand for photovoltaic module efficiency, life span, transmittance and cost.  Promoting the organic integration of information technology and material technology can improve the research and development efficiency of new solar cell technologies such as perovskite solar cells, realize the rapid iteration of new photovoltaic technology, and promote the vigorous development of new photovoltaic technology.  

According to the Plan, a modern energy system will be basically completed by 2035, green production and consumption patterns will be widely established, the share of non-fossil energy consumption will be significantly increased from 25 percent by 2030, and renewable energy generation will become the main source of power.   This requires the photovoltaic industry must seize the "14th five-year" historical opportunity period, speed up the breakthrough of key technologies, to solve the "bottleneck" problem in the photovoltaic field.   And further innovate photovoltaic power generation technology, reduce carbon emissions per unit GDP, realize intelligent and digital photovoltaic industry, while ensuring energy security, improve the universal service level, and contribute to the building of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system.