珠海将掀起一场屋顶上的“绿色革命”。近日珠海召开“分布式光伏发电推广大会”，称到2017年力争实现珠海市屋顶太阳能光伏发电总装机容量300兆瓦，具备条件的新建工业厂房屋面光伏发电应用率超过70%，老旧厂房等可利用屋面通过改造光伏发电应用率超过30%。

羊城晚报记者了解到，光伏发电目前主要是在工商业领域推广，因成本过高“并网”困难，真正要应用到家庭住宅上仍很难。

扶持力度全国少见

以“国际宜居城市”为建设目标的珠海，一直非常重视绿色建筑的发展，在当天推广会上，相关部门发布了《珠海市分布式光伏发电实施方案》，提出将采用“自发自用、余量上网、就近消纳、电网调节”的运营模式，将分布式光伏发电的应用落实到全市绿色建筑专项规划中，为分布式光伏发电提供必需的屋面资源，从源头上保证光伏发电在建筑中的应用，将其打造成城市新名片。

方案指出，对于列入珠海年度建设计划的光伏发电项目，建成并通过验收后，企业在享受国家补贴的基础上，由市政府给予统一标准的市级补贴。此外，珠海拟将太阳能光伏发电应用纳入节能考核指标以及奖罚制度，对当年完成光伏并网容量指标任务前三位的工业园区管委会及相关工作人员给予一定奖励。

值得一提的是，珠海还将支持政府建筑先行先试，积极推进政府办公建筑、学校、医院等大型公共建筑采用“合同能源管理”方式建设分布式光伏发电系统。此外，对于符合绿色建筑星级标准的建筑工程，享受新型墙体材料专项基金的全额返退政策。住建部建筑节能与科技司副司长韩爱兴在推广会上感叹，珠海在光伏发电的协作机制和落实方面可作为“标志性城市”，其对光伏推广的重视，“放眼全国也不多见”。

据悉，根据规划，到2017年，珠海力争实现全市光伏发电总装机容量300兆瓦的目标，此外具备条件的新建工业厂房屋面分布式光伏发电应用率超过70%，老旧厂房等可利用屋面通过改造光伏发电应用率超过30%。

建成项目省煤万吨

珠海市住建局负责人介绍，珠海目前已建成20余个光伏发电项目，格力、伟创力等国际知名企业均有涉足。截至目前，全市已节约超过13000吨标准煤，减排二氧化碳近35000吨。

伟创力珠海公司从2010年起开始使用光伏发电，与珠海兴业太阳能合作投入超过1亿元，建设装机容量达11.35万兆瓦的光伏发电项目，该公司负责人表示，项目建成后，每年发电近1200万度，占其总用电量的三分之一，帮助公司达成了“十二五”节能减排目标。

兴业太阳能是珠海最大的光伏企业，该公司董事局主席刘红维称，计划在珠海建设300兆瓦分布式光伏发电项目，通过上市公司的多元化融资平台获取资金支持，项目完成后每年将产生3亿千瓦时的绿色电力。

千万平方米屋顶可用

珠海市住建局相关负责人介绍，珠海的太阳年辐射总量每平方米高达4651.6兆焦，年日照时数达1292.1小时，每年每平方米地表吸收的太阳能相当于140-190公斤标准煤热量。同时，珠海雨水较为充沛，有利于保持组件的清洁，非常适合进行太阳能资源的利用。

这位负责人称，珠海市所有建筑物的总建筑面积已超过1亿平方米，目前规划的全市范围内可利用的屋顶面积达1000万平方米。如果按屋顶面积可利用率50%来计算，有将近500万平方米的既有屋顶可安装光伏板，发电功率达300兆瓦，项目建成后年发电量可达3亿度，这个数据相当于目前珠海市全年总供电的2%左右。

成本高并网难 家庭普及不易

目前光伏发电技术已成熟，从理论上说光伏发电已可进入千家万户，但珠海兴业太阳能公司负责人坦言：未来几年内，“屋顶太阳能”建设主要还是针对工商业客户，光伏进入家庭仍面临两个主要问题。

首先，光伏并网接入难，能源公司在计价、运行机制等问题上，与国家电网的交涉并不顺利，双方未达成一致，“电力部门的条件比较严，要求也多”。

另一大阻碍是成本，尽管目前光伏材料的制造成本“已经很低了”，但一个光伏发电项目的成本回收期仍长达七八年，而小户型的项目成本比工厂型的更高，“如果大规模安装，每瓦耗资约8.5元；而小户型安装，则每瓦需要12元以上。”

Zhuhai will set off a rooftop "green revolution".Recently, Zhuhai held the "Distributed PHOTOVOLTAIC Power Generation Promotion Conference", and said that by 2017, zhuhai will strive to achieve a total installed capacity of 300 MEGAwatts of rooftop solar photovoltaic power generation, with the roof pv power generation application rate of more than 70% of new industrial plants with the conditions, and the roof pv power generation application rate of old plants and other usable roofs through renovation more than 30%.

Yang Cheng Evening News reporter learned that photovoltaic power generation is currently mainly promoted in the industrial and commercial field, because of the high cost of "grid" difficulties, really to be applied to the family residence is still difficult.

Support is rare in China

Zhuhai, aiming to become an "international livable city", has always attached great importance to the development of green buildings. At the promotion meeting on the same day, relevant departments released the Implementation Plan of Zhuhai Distributed PHOTOVOLTAIC Power Generation, which proposed the operation mode of "self-use, surplus Internet access, nearby consumption and power grid regulation". To implement the application of distributed photovoltaic power generation into the city's green building special planning, to provide the necessary roof resources for distributed photovoltaic power generation, ensure the application of photovoltaic power generation in buildings from the source, and make it a new name card of the city.

According to the plan, for photovoltaic power generation projects listed in zhuhai's annual construction plan, after the completion and acceptance of enterprises, on the basis of national subsidies, the municipal government will give a unified standard of municipal subsidies. In addition, Zhuhai plans to include the application of solar photovoltaic power generation into the energy-saving assessment index and the reward and punishment system, and give certain rewards to the industrial park management committee and relevant staff who complete the top three photovoltaic grid-connected capacity index tasks in that year.

It is worth mentioning that Zhuhai will also support government buildings to adopt "contract energy management" approach to build distributed photovoltaic power generation system in large public buildings such as government office buildings, schools and hospitals. In addition, for the construction projects in line with the green building star standard, enjoy the new wall material special fund full refund policy.Han Aixing, deputy director of the Building Energy Conservation and Technology Department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, lamented at the promotion meeting that Zhuhai could be regarded as a "landmark city" in terms of cooperation mechanism and implementation of PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation, and its emphasis on photovoltaic promotion was "not seen in the whole country".

It is reported that according to the plan, by 2017, Zhuhai will strive to achieve the city's total installed capacity of PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation of 300 MEGAwatts of the target, in addition to the qualified new industrial plant roof distributed photovoltaic power generation rate of more than 70%, old plants and other usable roof through renovation of photovoltaic power generation rate of more than 30%.

The completed project saves tons of coal

The person in charge of zhuhai Municipal Bureau of Housing and Construction introduced that zhuhai has built more than 20 photovoltaic power generation projects, and international well-known enterprises such as Gree and Flextronics are involved. So far, the city has saved more than 13,000 tons of standard coal and reduced carbon dioxide emissions by nearly 35,000 tons.

Flextronics Zhuhai began to use photovoltaic power generation in 2010, and invested more than 100 million yuan in cooperation with Zhuhai Xingye Solar energy to build a photovoltaic power generation project with an installed capacity of 113,500 MW. According to the person in charge of the company, after the completion of the project, nearly 12 million KWH will be generated annually, accounting for one third of its total electricity consumption. Helped the company achieve the "twelfth Five-Year" energy conservation and emission reduction target.

Liu Hongwei, chairman of The board of Directors of Xingye Solar, zhuhai's largest photovoltaic company, said it plans to build 300 megawatts of distributed photovoltaic power in Zhuhai, which will generate 300 million kilowatt hours of green electricity annually after the project is completed and will be financed through diversified financing platforms of listed companies.

Ten million square meters of roof available

According to zhuhai Municipal Bureau of Housing and Construction, the annual solar radiation in Zhuhai is as high as 4,651.6 megajoules per square meter, and the annual sunshine hours are 1,292.1 hours. The solar energy absorbed per square meter is equivalent to 140-190 kilograms of standard coal heat per year. At the same time, zhuhai has abundant rain, which is beneficial to keep the components clean and is very suitable for the utilization of solar energy resources.

The official said that the total floor area of all buildings in Zhuhai has exceeded 100 million square meters, and the city currently plans to have 10 million square meters of usable roof area. If the utilization rate of the roof area is 50%, nearly 5 million square meters of existing roof can be installed with PHOTOVOLTAIC panels, generating 300 MEGAwatts of power. After the completion of the project, the annual generating capacity can reach 300 million KWH, which is equivalent to about 2% of the total annual power supply of Zhuhai city.

The cost is high and the network is difficult to popularize the family

At present, photovoltaic power generation technology has been mature, theoretically speaking, photovoltaic power generation can enter thousands of households, but the person in charge of Zhuhai Xingye Solar Energy Company said frankly: in the next few years, the construction of "rooftop solar energy" is mainly for industrial and commercial customers, photovoltaic into the home is still facing two main problems.

First of all, it is difficult for photovoltaic to be connected to the grid. The negotiation between the energy company and the State Grid on pricing and operation mechanism is not smooth, and the two sides have not reached an agreement. "The conditions of the power sector are strict and there are many requirements".

Another obstacle is cost. Although the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic materials is "already very low", the payback period of a photovoltaic project is still as long as seven or eight years, and the project cost of small houses is higher than the factory type. And small apartment installation, it costs more than 12 yuan per watt."