光伏发电是怎样坑人的？五招教你规避！

光伏发电坑人？在这个光伏普及的时代，这样的质疑未必无因。光伏发电系统的组成部分众多，其中的哪一点出了问题，都可能影响整体效率，从而导致收益降低。那么到底光伏发电怎么样才是坑人呢？如何规避？以下是五个常见的“坑人”之处。

一、光伏支架

光伏支架是光伏电站系统中为了摆放、安装、固定光伏电池板而设计的特殊的支架。设计不充分的支架遇到强风时，容易发生支架倾覆、组件散落损毁。

好的支架钢结构厚度符合标准要求 ，热镀锌材料或者优质铝合金材料，基本厚度等于或大于2.2mm，抗腐蚀性和抗风性能强，也能保证25年的使用寿命。而便宜的支架可能连2mm厚度都没有，抗腐蚀性和抗风性能差，且光伏系统常年在外风吹日晒，支架腐蚀造成光伏组件坠落，将得不偿失;即使组件没掉，但腐蚀的支架会造成组件倾角发生变化，减少系统发电量，从而导致收益受损。

二、光伏电缆

光伏线缆需有耐气候、耐高温、耐摩擦等特性，并且具有超长的使用寿命。光伏线缆因其特殊性能成本很高，若选择普通线缆来替代，这种线缆用在光伏系统中保护层两三年就腐蚀了，导致线缆内部铜丝暴露，很容易造成漏电，甚至引发火灾。

三、光伏组件

光伏组件是光伏发电系统中的核心部分，光伏组件的质量好坏直接影响了使用寿命的长短和收益的高低。差的背板材料耐候性差，直接影响组件的使用寿命。如边框材料强度不够，可能直接造成光伏板阵在强风时边框脱落或撕裂。

如何识别电站组件好坏：

首先，要看组件的供应商 ，是不是行业主流品牌，一般大品牌的质保和售后服务是有保障的。其次，看电池片串焊的时候有没有漏焊，还有背面承压的质量 ，承压有没有不平整的情况，或是气泡，褶皱等。以及边框质量，是不是严格成矩形，误差不能太大。

四、光伏逆变器

逆变器是将直流电能变换成交流电能的中介。逆变器的质量好坏决定了电能转换效率的高低。逆变器是光伏系统中较容易出现问题的设备之一，一定要购买正规厂家的优质产品，才能确保稳定长期发电 。日常维护也要注意通风散热，避免潮湿和过于封闭的环境。品质好、效率高的逆变器可以使光伏系统的发电量更高，像这种一线逆变器品牌转换效率都在98%以上;而品质不好、效率低的逆变器则会减损系统发电量，这些逆变器转换效率大多只有95%甚至更低。

五、光伏并网箱

好的并网箱比质量不好的可能贵到500块钱一台。但两者有什么差别呢?好的并网箱能保证产品符合电网要求，而质量不好的并网箱，可能没有检有压合闸和欠失压脱扣功能或者质量差失灵，这会造成反送电——即电网停电的情况下，万一逆变器质量也不好，光伏系统仍然带电工作，就有可能造成光伏系统的电反送给电网，万一此时电网上有工作人员在检修，则可能造成触电事故，严重的造成人员伤亡。

其次是电器质量差，失火、损毁现象多，安全风险大。并网计量配电箱内必须有市电和光伏发电隔离开关(闸刀开关)、(自复式)过欠压保护器、浪涌保护器(避雷器)、漏电保护开关(负荷开关)、接地装置。

判断光伏系统的优劣：

第一，对系统外观进行检查，如组件、阵列、并网箱等，如发现问题、组件损坏、遮挡、灰尘等，可以采取相应措施及时解决;

第二，检查电站建设承包单位采用的系统部件是否具备质量认证证书。

第三，要求对系统的安全性进行现场测试，如接地连续性、绝缘性、是否具有防雷设置等，如有问题，应让电站建设单位及时解决。

无论是夸夸其谈还是朴实无华，事关收益与安全，根本上还是光伏电站的质量问题，把控好这一点，便可在本质上规避坑人之局。

Photovoltaic power pit people? In this era of photovoltaic popularization, such doubts may not be without cause. There are many components of a photovoltaic power generation system, and any one of them that goes wrong can affect the overall efficiency, resulting in lower revenues. So how is photovoltaic power generation a pit man? How to circumvent? Here are five common "pit people" points. First, photovoltaic bracket
Photovoltaic bracket is a special bracket designed for placement, installation and fixing of photovoltaic panels in photovoltaic power plant systems. When the bracket with insufficient design encounters strong wind, it is easy to overturn the bracket and scatter and damage the components.

Good bracket steel structure thickness meets the standard requirements, hot-dip galvanized material or high-quality aluminum alloy material, the basic thickness is equal to or greater than 2.2mm, strong corrosion resistance and wind resistance, but also can ensure a service life of 25 years. The cheap bracket may not even have a thickness of 2mm, poor corrosion resistance and wind resistance, and the photovoltaic system is exposed to the wind and sun outside all year round, and the corrosion of the bracket causes the photovoltaic module to fall, which will not be worth the loss; Even if the component is not lost, the corroded bracket can cause the inclination of the module to change, reducing the power generated by the system, resulting in lost revenue.

Second, photovoltaic cable
Photovoltaic cables need to have weather, high temperature, friction and other characteristics, and have a long service life. Photovoltaic cable because of its special performance cost is very high, if you choose ordinary cable to replace, this cable is used in the photovoltaic system protective layer for two or three years corroded, resulting in the internal copper wire of the cable is exposed, it is easy to cause leakage, and even cause fire.

Third, photovoltaic modules
PV modules are the core part of the photovoltaic power generation system, and the quality of PV modules directly affects the length of service life and the level of income. Poor backsheet material has poor weather resistance, which directly affects the service life of the component. If the strength of the frame material is not enough, it may directly cause the frame to fall off or tear when the photovoltaic panel array is strong wind.

How to identify the quality of power station components:
First of all, it depends on the supplier of the component, whether it is a mainstream brand in the industry, and the warranty and after-sales service of the general big brand are guaranteed. Secondly, look at whether there is leakage welding during the string welding of the battery sheet, as well as the quality of the pressure on the back, whether there is unevenness in the pressure, or bubbles, folds, etc. As well as the quality of the border, whether it is strictly rectangular, the error cannot be too large.

Fourth, photovoltaic inverter

The inverter is the intermediary that converts DC energy into AC energy. The quality of the inverter determines the efficiency of power conversion. The inverter is one of the more problematic equipment in the photovoltaic system, and it is necessary to purchase high-quality products from regular manufacturers to ensure stable long-term power generation. Daily maintenance should also pay attention to ventilation and heat dissipation, avoid humidity and too closed environment. Inverters with good quality and high efficiency can make the power generation of the photovoltaic system higher, and the conversion efficiency of first-line inverter brands like this is more than 98%; Inverters with poor quality and low efficiency will reduce the power generation of the system, and most of these inverters have a conversion efficiency of only 95% or even lower.

5. Photovoltaic grid-connected box
A good grid-connected box may be as expensive as 500 yuan a piece than a poor quality box. But what's the difference? A good grid-connected box can ensure that the product meets the requirements of the power grid, and the poor quality grid-connected box, may not have a pressure closing and under-voltage trip function or poor quality failure, which will cause reverse transmission - that is, in the case of power grid failure, in case the quality of the inverter is not good, the photovoltaic system is still live work, it may cause the photovoltaic system to be sent back to the grid, in case there are staff on the power grid at this time, it may cause electric shock accidents, serious casualties.

Secondly, the quality of electrical appliances is poor, there are many fires and damages, and the safety risks are large. There must be mains and photovoltaic power generation disconnectors (gate switches), (self-restorative) over-undervoltage protectors, surge protectors (lightning arresters), leakage protection switches (load switches), and grounding devices in the grid-connected metering distribution box.

Judge the advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic systems:
First, check the appearance of the system, such as components, arrays, grid-connected boxes, etc., such as finding problems, component damage, occlusion, dust, etc., you can take corresponding measures to solve them in time;

Second, check whether the system components used by the power station construction contractor have quality certification certificates.

Third, it is required to conduct on-site tests on the safety of the system, such as grounding continuity, insulation, whether it has lightning protection settings, etc., if there is a problem, the power station construction unit should be allowed to solve it in time.

Whether it is rhetoric or unpretentious, it is related to income and safety, and it is fundamentally a quality problem of photovoltaic power plants, and controlling this can essentially avoid the situation of pit people.