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光伏发电作为新能源发电的局限性主要有以下几点：
1.气候对光伏发电影响。采用光伏并网发电无蓄电池方案时，如果一个城市上空的气候大幅变化，将造成电力负荷的大幅波动；当一个城市上空的空气质量比如空气污染， 或能见度变差比如雾天，阳天等都将使光伏发电在线或实时出力下降。
2.地理位置，光伏发电设备基本上只能依附建筑物安装建设，也就是所谓的光伏屋顶就地供电。如果离开建筑物来建设光伏发电,将会大大增加成本或者破坏环境和生态等都很大程度上影响光伏的发电量。
3.容量传输局限。在解决了光伏发电的成本问题后,大功率，高电压，远距离从荒漠面积输送电力到负荷中心，由于光伏发电没有传统电机的旋转惯量，调速器及励磁系统，将给交流电网带来新的经济和稳定问题。不论采用交流或是直流高电压大功率远距离从荒漠地区输送电力。
4.光能转换效率偏低。和传统能源（矿物能源，石油,水能，原子能，等）的转换效率相比，光伏能量的转换效率不能令人满意。
5.昼夜交替。随着太阳照射角度以及昼夜交替的影响, 其发电量也受影响。
相对这些局限性光伏发电同时具体独特的优越性：
1、太阳能储能巨大无枯竭危险。
2、安全可靠，无噪声，无污染排放。
3、不受资源分布地域的限制，可利用建筑屋面的优势；例如无电地区，以及地形复杂地区。
4、无需消耗燃料和架设输电线路即可就地发电供电。
5、能源质量高。
6、使用者从感情上容易接受，美观。
7、建设周期短，获取能源花费的时间短。
光伏发电在世界范围内受到高度重视，发展非常迅速。从远期看，光伏发电将以分散式电源进入电力市场，并部分取代常规能源。光伏发电可以作为常规能源的补充，在解决特殊应用领域，如通信、信号电源，和边远无电地区民用生活用电需求方面，从环境保护及能源战略上都具有重大的意义。光伏发电的优点充分体现在以下几个方面：充分的清洁性；绝对的安全性。（并网电压一般在220v以下）；相对的广泛性；确实的长寿命和免维护性；初步的实用性；资源的充足性及潜在的经济性等。
根据我国光伏产业联盟的有关统计资料显示。我国光伏产业正以每年30%的速度增长。最近三年全球太阳能电池总产量平均年增长率高达49.8%以上。按照日本新能源计划、欧盟可再生能源白皮书、美国光伏计划等推算，2010年全球光伏发电并网装机容量将达到15gw，至2030年全球光伏发电装机容量将达到300gw，至2040年光伏发电将达到全球发电总量的15%-20%。按此计划推算，2010-2040年，光伏行业的复合增长率将高达25%以上。其中并网应用会有较大的发展，从而形成并网发电（约46%）、离网供电（约27%）和通讯机站（约21%） 3个主要应用领域。
光伏产业是基于半导体技术和新能源需求而兴起的朝阳产业，是未来全球先进产业竞争的制高点。近年来,全球光伏市场几经起落,总体呈现不断向上发展趋势。
所以你对这个行业有什么见解呢，欢迎大家前来评论！
The limitations of photovoltaic power generation as a new energy power generation mainly include the following:
1. The impact of climate on photovoltaic power generation. When adopting a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation without
a storage battery, if the climate over a city changes significantly, it will cause a large fluctuation in the power load; When the air quality over a city such as air pollution, or poor visibility such as foggy days, sunny days, etc., will make the online
or real-time output of photovoltaic power generation decrease.
2. Geographical location, photovoltaic power generation equipment can basically only be attached to the building installation and construction, that is, the so-called photovoltaic
roof on-site power supply. If you leave the building to build photovoltaic power generation, it will greatly increase the cost or damage the environment and ecology, which will greatly affect the power generation of photovoltaics.
3. Capacity
transmission limitations. After solving the cost problem of photovoltaic power generation, high power, high voltage, long-distance transmission of power from the desert area to the load center, because photovoltaic power generation does not have the rotational
inertia of traditional motors, governors and excitation systems, will bring new economic and stability problems to the AC power grid. Whether AC or DC, high voltage and high power are used to transmit power from desert areas over long distances.
4. The light energy conversion efficiency is low. Compared with the conversion efficiency of traditional energy sources (fossil energy, oil, hydro, atomic energy, etc.), the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic energy is not satisfactory.
5. Day and night alternate. With the influence of the angle of sunlight and the cycle of day and night, its power generation is also affected.
Specific and unique advantages of photovoltaic power generation compared to these limitations:
1. Solar energy storage is huge and there is no danger of exhaustion.
2. Safe and reliable, no noise, no pollution discharge.
3. It is not limited by the distribution of resources, and can take advantage of the building roof;
For example, areas without electricity, and areas with complex terrain.
4. On-site power generation and power supply can be generated without consuming fuel and erecting transmission lines.
5. High energy quality.
6. Users
are emotionally easy to accept and beautiful.
7. The construction period is short, and the time spent to obtain energy is short.
Photovoltaic power generation is highly valued in the world and has developed very rapidly. In the long
term, photovoltaic power generation will enter the electricity market with decentralized power sources and partially replace conventional energy sources. Photovoltaic power generation can be used as a supplement to conventional energy, and it is of great
significance from environmental protection and energy strategy in solving special application fields, such as communications, signal power supply, and civil electricity demand in remote areas without electricity. The advantages of photovoltaic power generation
are fully reflected in the following aspects: sufficient cleanliness; Absolute security. (The grid-connected voltage is generally below 220V); relative breadth; Proven long life and maintenance-free; Initial practicality; Adequacy of resources and potential
economy, etc.
According to the relevant statistics of China's photovoltaic industry alliance. China's photovoltaic industry is growing at an annual rate of 30%. In the past three years, the average annual growth rate of global solar cell production has reached more
than 49.8%. According to the Japanese new energy plan, the EU renewable energy white paper, the US photovoltaic plan, etc., the global grid-connected installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation will reach 15GW in 2010, and the global installed
capacity of photovoltaic power generation will reach 300GW by 2030, and photovoltaic power generation will reach 15%-20% of the total global power generation by 2040. According to this plan, from 2010 to 2040, the compound growth rate of the photovoltaic
industry will be as high as more than 25%. Among them, grid-connected applications will have greater development, resulting in three main application fields: grid-connected power generation (about 46%), off-grid power supply (about 27%) and communication
stations (about 21%).
The photovoltaic industry is a sunrise industry based on semiconductor technology and new energy demand, and is the commanding height of global advanced industry competition in the future. In recent years, the global photovoltaic
market has experienced several ups and downs, and the overall trend has continued to rise.
So what are your insights on this industry, welcome to comment!
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